Nucleic-Acid Based Approaches for Detection of microRNA

Review Article

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating gene expression and are implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their diagnostic and prognostic significance, the development of sensitive, specific, and reliable detection methods for miRNAs has become a research priority. Nucleic-acid-based approaches offer unique advantages, including high specificity, the potential for amplification, and adaptability to various detection platforms. This review discusses recent advances in nucleic acid-based strategies for miRNA detection, highlighting techniques such as hybridization-based methods, amplification strategies, CRISPR-based approaches, and novel NV-diamond sensors, as well as their integration into point-of-care devices.